CJS IMAGE DICTIONARY

"The police are said to be
looking for a man on a horse."

Good to know, but why don't
they use their cars as usual??

HINT: REPETITION is
a vital part of learning,
so do the test:

at least twice NOW
again TOMORROW
in four days' time
in a weeks' time
in two weeks' time

Carpe Diem - CONVERT the sentences as shown in the examples given.
	Some people say that Shakespeare’s works were actually written by someone else.

Shakespeare’s works are said to have been written by someone else.

QED (Quod erat demonstrandum)
	It is believed that the murderer lived in that house for a while.

The murderer is believed to have lived in that house for a while.

nec plus ultra
	Most people believe that horseshoes bring good luck.

Horseshoes are believed to bring good luck.

sine qua non
	We know that people behave unpredictably when placed under great stress.

People are known to behave unpredictably when placed under great stress.

veritas vincit omnia
	It is expected that smallpox will have been eradicated within 20 years.

Smallpox is expected to have been eradicated within 20 years.
OR possibly: Smallpox is expected to be eradicated within 20 years.

dum spiro, spero
	It is believed that the President is terminally ill.

The President is believed to be terminally ill.

o tempora, o mores
	It is generally accepted that obesity is a leading factor in poor health.

Obesity is generally accepted to be a leading factor in poor health.

sapienta potenza est
	It is believed that King Henry VI cut his hand while hunting and died of blood-poisoning.

King Henry VI is believed to have cut his hand
while hunting and died of blood-poisoning.

pax vobiscum
	People say that his heavy drinking was the main reason for his death.

His heavy drinking is said to have been the main reason for his death.

in absentia
	People expect that inflation will increase in the near future.

Inflation is expected to increase in the near future.

pro bono
	People thought at one time that Marlon Brando was planning a return to the screen.

Marlon Brando was thought at one time to be planning a return to the screen.

bona fide
	People claim that French architecture is more ambitious than English.

French architecture is claimed to be more ambitious than English.

ad hoc
	The last report said that the astronauts were orbiting the moon.

The astronauts were last reported to be orbiting the moon.

a priori
	It is said that aboriginals can track any animal.

Aboriginals are said to be able to track any animal

mea culpa
	People know that many politicians hardly ever answer a question directly.

Many politicians are known to hardly ever answer a question directly.

caveat emptor
	It is thought that he was living undercover in Naples at that time.

He was thought to be living undercover in Naples at that time.

ad infinitum
	It is believed that the police are looking for a man with one eye.

The police are believed to be looking for a man with one eye.

(non) compos mentis
	It is known that Russian scientists have carried out similar experiments.

Russian scientists are known to have carried out similar experiments.

de facto
	It is reported that a cure for ebola has been found.

A cure for ebola is reported to have been found.

in extremis
	Everyone knows that he has embezzled government money.

He is known to have embezzled government money.

in flagrante delicto
	There is a rumour going around that Elvis has been seen in Dallas.

Elvis is rumoured to have been seen in Dallas.

in situ
	It is feared that the terrorists have escaped.

The terrorists are feared to have escaped.

in toto
	It is believed that the melting of the ice-caps is accelerating.

The melting of the ice-caps is believed to be accelerating.

mens sana in corpore sano
	Everyone knows that a good diet and exercise are essential for health.

A good diet and exercise are known to be essential for health.

modus operandi (M.O.)
	They think the missing spacecraft has crashed onto the surface of Mars.

The missing spacecraft is thought to have crashed onto the surface of Mars.

non sequitur
	Most people consider that rugby is no more dangerous than football.

Rugby is generally considered to be no more dangerous than football.

per se
	People are saying that the war is about to break out.

War is said to be about to break out.

post hoc ergo propter hoc
	Someone said that diplomacy is "the continuation of war by other means."

Diplomacy is said to be the continuation of war by other means.

prima facie
	People think the P.M. may be about to resign.

The P.M. is thought to be about to resign.

quid pro quo
	People now accept that global warning is a proven fact.

Global warming now accepted to be a proven fact.

Latin Expressions one should know .....

a fortiori

with stronger reason

expresses a conclusion for which there is stronger evidence than for a previously accepted on

a posteriori

from the latter

based on experience

a priori

from the earlier

independent of experience

acta non verba

deeds, not words

ad hoc

for this

said of something created or formed for a special case

ad infinitum

to infinity

something that keeps going forever

alea jacta est

the die is cast

said when a plot is set into motion

ars longa, vita brevis

art is long, life is short

a reason of or justification for war

casus belli

cause of war

a reason or justification for war

caveat emptor

let the buyer beware

a customer is responsible for making sure that a product is in good working order

compos mentis

of healthy mind

sane

de facto

from fact

something that happens in practice but is not necessarily established by law

de jure

from law

the contrary of de facto; something established by law

dies irae

day of judgment

dramatis personae

persons of the drama

refers to a list of actors, or to the principal participants of an event or in a group

dum spiro spero

while I breathe, I hope

Et tu, Brute?

You, too Brutus?

Not you as well?! In reference to someone being betrayed by friends

ex cathedra

from the chair

with the full authority of office often used in reference to the Catholic pope’s infallibility, but also employed in other contexts

ex post facto

after the fact

realized with hindsight

genius loci

guardian spirit

the character of a place

honoris causa

for the sake of the honor

an honorary degree

horribile dictu

horrible to say

in extremis

in the farthest reaches

in a difficult situation, or at the point of death

in flagrante delicto

in the burning crime

caught in the act

in medias res

into the middle of things

in the midst of action said of the opening of a story or account

in situ

in that place

in its original place, in place, there

in toto

as a whole

inter alia

among other things

ipso facto

by the very fact

because of that fact

mea culpa

I am responsible

My bad' - forgive me

memento mori

remember that you must die

a reminder of mortality

mens sana in corpore sano

a healthy mind in a healthy body

mirabile dictu

amazing to say

modus operandi

method of operating

way of working also MO

ne plus ultra

none more beyond

without equal, the greatest degree

non sequitur

it does not follow

said of something that does not logically relate to what came before

nota bene

note well

take note - also NB

o tempora o mores

oh, the times, oh, the morals

said in criticism of behavior

omnia vincit amor

love conquers all

panem et circenses

bread and circuses

said of things offered to the masses to distract them from what they should attend to for their own benefit

per se

by itself

post hoc ergo propter hoc

after this, therefore because of this

effect follows cause. Often a criticism of false logic

prima facie

at first look

based on the first impression, or accepted as correct until proved otherwise

primus inter pares

first among equals

pro forma

for form

for the sake of appearances or form

quid pro quo

this for that

something given in exchange for something else hence quid, the nickname for the pound in UK currency

Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?

Who watches the watchers?

Who shall protect us against those who supposedly protect us?

sic transit gloria mundi

thus passes the glory of the world

fame is fleeting in this world

sine qua non

without which thing . . . not

said of something indispensable

sub rosa

under the rose

happening or done in secret

sui generis

in its own class

unique

tabula rasa

scraped tablet

blank slate the concept of the human mind before it receives impressions from experience

tempus fugit

time flies

terra firma

solid ground

often used figuratively to refer to certainty

vox populi

the voice of the people

"It is reported that aliens have landed in Alaska."

.... is much more elegantly expressed as:

"Aliens are reported to have landed in Alaska."

This focuses on the most important
thing in the sentence: the SUBJECT.

OTHER VERBS used in the same way
Aliens	are	assumed believed claimed feared known rumoured said thought	to	have landed in Alaska. like eating humans. be intending to conquer the Earth.